![]() ![]() He also argues that Joseph's efforts, known as Josephinism, were the most ambitious of all attempts at Enlightened Absolutism in Europe. He maintains that these new pillars, as well as attempts at readjusting the traditional three, were key elements of Emperor Joseph II's reform movement in the late eighteenth century. ![]() Evans convincingly asserts that from the late seventeenth to the mid-nineteenth century three new pillars, the army, bureaucracy, and managed economy, were added to strengthen the monarchy. This latest work reflects his interest over the past twenty years on the significance of this foundation for later Habsburg history. In his earlier magisterial work, The Making of the Habsburg Monarchy, 1550-1700 (1979), Evans argued that the Habsburg monarchy rested upon the triadic foundation of dynasty, aristocracy, and the Catholic Church during the sixteenth to the seventeenth centuries. ![]() Evans places the essays within the context of the rapid increase of Habsburg control over Hungarian lands following the failed Ottoman siege of Vienna in 1683 to the establishment of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1867. Its chronological bookends underscore the important role of Austro-Hungarian relations in shaping the region. This work is a collection of persuasive revisionist essays on central European history from approximately 1683 to 1867 by R. Habsburgs and Hungarians in the Central European Landscape ![]()
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